Saint Lucia Energy Transition

Introduction

This case study examines Saint Lucia's current energy landscape and presents a detailed pathway for transitioning to a more sustainable, reliable, and affordable energy system through the integration of Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technology.

Current Energy Profile

Saint Lucia currently relies on imported diesel and heavy fuel oil for approximately 98% of its electricity generation. This dependency creates multiple challenges:

• Electricity costs averaging $0.32-0.38 per kWh, among the highest in the region
• Significant foreign exchange outflows for fuel purchases
• Vulnerability to global oil price volatility
• Limited grid reliability with frequent outages
• Substantial carbon emissions contrary to climate commitments

Proposed Transition Pathway

The study outlines a three-phase approach to energy transition:

Phase 1: Preparatory Framework (2023-2025)

• Development of nuclear regulatory framework
• Grid modernization and stability enhancements
• Workforce development program initiation
• Public engagement and education campaigns

Phase 2: Initial Deployment (2026-2028)

• Site preparation and infrastructure development
• Deployment of first SMR unit (50-100 MWe capacity)
• Integration with existing renewable resources
• Gradual decommissioning of oldest diesel generators

Phase 3: Full Transition (2029-2032)

• Expansion to optimal capacity based on demand growth
• Complete phase-out of fossil fuel generation except for emergency backup
• Development of regional expertise hub for nuclear operations
• Potential for power export to neighboring islands

Economic Implications

The analysis projects that this transition would:

• Reduce electricity costs by approximately 40% by 2032
• Create over 500 permanent high-skilled jobs
• Eliminate approximately $80-100 million in annual fuel imports
• Reduce carbon emissions by over 95% from the power sector

Stakeholder Perspectives

The case study incorporates feedback from key stakeholders including government ministries, LUCELEC (the national utility), tourism sector representatives, and community organizations. While concerns exist regarding initial capital costs and safety perceptions, there is broad recognition of the long-term benefits of energy independence and price stability.